Question 87: The increase in light tight oil as a percentage of North American crude slate has resulted in lower FCC feed production, and consequently a reduced FCC feed rate at several refineries. To address these issues, what strategies have you implemented operationally and catalytically? Are you looking at sending new streams to the FCC or increasing the proportion of existing streams such as resid?

The increase in the quantity of tight oil as a percentage of the North American crude slate has resulted in numerous changes at refiners. Tight oils, like other light sweet crudes, have a much higher ratio of 650°F- to 650°F+ material when compared to conventional crudes.
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Question 83: As the time between FCC unit turnaround events are continuously being extended, what areas have you identified as having a high likelihood of failure due to erosion and what preventive measures can be taken to avoid such failures?

Erosion due to catalyst impact is often a strong function of particle velocity. However overall operating conditions, such as superficial velocity, are often insufficient to predict local erosion characteristics in FCC equipment where the likelihood and severity of erosion is influenced by local catalyst acceleration and impact. The mass, velocity, angle of impact, surface material and other factors all influence this local erosion behavior.
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Question 82: Units operating with low main fractionator bottoms yield encounter a number of problems including coking and fouling in the slurry system and increased catalyst loading in the circulating slurry. What problems have you encountered and what practices have you done to manage these problems?

Units operating with low main fractionator bottoms yield encounter a number of problems including coking and fouling in the slurry system and increased catalyst loading in the circulating slurry. What problems have you encountered and what practices have you done to manage these problems?
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