Typically, vacuum unit ejector systems have three ejector stages in series. Large crude vacuum units have multiple three-stage ejector system in parallel.

What options do you use to manage or mitigate high carboxylic acids/TAN in jet/kerosene?

What test methods identify acids (other than HCl) in crude tower overhead water?

While general limits are assigned for overhead chloride levels, the reality is that these are simple rules of thumb and should not be relied on to provide satisfactory corrosion control for most systems.

What are revamp best practices to minimize fouling in crude preheat trains? What services are typically the most difficult? What exchanger technologies have proven most successful?

Along the lines of Ron’s last point on secondary treatment of brine, some refineries have installed diversion tanks to receive the effluent water when the mud wash is being used.

We have extensive experience removing calcium and other metals from crude oils, with over 20 successful applications removing contaminants spanning the last 8 years.

What experience do you have using lower pH wash water at desalters to minimize amine in treated crude?

On some occasions more frequent, or continuous mudwash may help dilute effluent water, thus reducing high concentrations of solids slugging the effluent water exchangers during the mudwash cycle.

Please discuss the pros and cons of the various forms of desalter level indicator technologies.